Food supply chains are highly dependent on biodiversity, and its preservation is essential to their sustainability. However, biodiversity is undergoing an unprecedented global decline, driven by five major factors to which food systems significantly contribute :
● Land-use change, primarily due to the intensification and expansion of agricultural land, leads to habitat destruction, degradation and fragmentation, as well as soil degradation and the loss of its ecological functions.
● Pollution of water, soil, and air, resulting in a deterioration of water quality.
● Overexploitation of natural resources, when the harvesting of certain species exceeds sustainable levels (e.g., overfishing, unregulated hunting).
● Climate change, which alters the distribution ranges of plant and animal species.
●The spread of invasive alien species, which pose a threat to nearly one-third of endangered terrestrial species and disrupt ecosystem functioning.